The first Islamic city is a city built by the Prophet Muhammad . Considerations ideological concept of patterned Islamic State , the contribution of the Prophet Muhammad , both as Prophet / Messenger of God and as personal as a planner / urban designer .

 Islamic teachings down since 610 AD when Muhammad was 40 years old . The first verse down when Muhammad delivered in the Cave of Hira . Since then Muhammad officially run apostolate for all mankind , broadcast cored doctrine of tawhid ( Oneness of Allah ) .there is no god worthy of worship except Allah . Broadcasting the Messenger of Islam lasted for life , never out of the threat of interference and pressure from members / leaders of his own tribe the Quraish .

The pressure intense , until finally dropped following the command of Allah that Muhammad's followers did migrate to Yathrib , later called Medina al - Munawwarah ( city of peace ) . In this place in a relatively short time , Islam soon became stronger both ideologically based Aqeedah and Tawheed , politically and militarily . It's precisely in Medina , the Prophet of Islam with the idea of ​​building a city , and engineering arm that comes to himself .

 Some are limited numbers set forth in the description of the layout of the mosque and the city of Medina , as illustrated by Haykal , which originated in Saheeh Bukhari and Muslim , the Prophet said that the mosque of mud brick . In the vicinity of the mosque of the Prophet is then built houses , also of mud brick roof with palm leaves ( date palm ) , houses for himself and his wives . From the point that the Messenger of planning and designing the continued development of the city of Medina .

" Pockets " This settlement became the embryo city of Medina , as well as the first Muslim city - downs are designed according to the conditions and nature of the local environment , the ecosystem of the desert , where the buildings are developed with the center pages wide , while the buildings set up around the the large yard , follow directions arigin , so therefore , relatively fresh air and breeze cool slightly , especially at night still entering houses that surround the vast central courtyard . The basic concept is then animates design mosques , houses , palaces and cities of Islam , especially in Arabic , Persian , and North Africa which has a desert ecosystem .

Description layout " city " is the first Muslim ever be filed by Creswell (1979 ) which was based on life history Rasullullah compiled by Ibn Sa'd ( 845 M ) . The layout reconstruction successfully describe the development of the mosque and the city of Medina al - Munawwarah ( a) before and after the change of Qiblah , and ( b ) developments undertaken by Umar in 638 AD and the Caliph Uthman in 644 AD . The concept of adaptation to desert ecosystems Muhammad introduced , reinforced by the foundation of the teachings of Islamic brotherhood and simplicity , which reflects the unity and racial nature sedrajat intentions community "Ummah " .

In later Islamic urban planning , the market was established , in unison after the completion of the construction of mosques and houses for the Prophet and his family . Market development is led by Abdurahman bin Awf , and he began selling cheese and butter , which he later managed to send caravans to expand His own bussines . It should be added that the land to establish settlements mosque of the Prophet and his family and was purchased by the Prophet from Medina people .

In further developments , many residents of the Prophet and follow USANA this Abdurahman . Medina quickly transformed from a small town into a city wide and large Islamic . So , mosques and houses were founded by the Prophet and his followers is the first Islamic architecture , which was followed by the establishment of other residential units around the " center " including market development .

Displacement of the Islamic Caliphate from Damascus to Baghdad , in the next period , parallel to the displacement of the center of Islamic civilization from the Eastern Mediterranean to the " fringe of Asia " . Centuries AD IX and X , show a strong tendency and  growing development of the identity of the Persian and cities in the Islamic world . Autonomous kingdom , which grows in the area east of the Abbasid caliphs , is the Persian empire . Persian kingdom since becoming or embrace Islam , it quickly became self-sufficient and grow , and become patrons of Persian culture and civilization , which has a dominant influence in the world and Asia .

 Since the beginning of Islam , the city became a center of government administration , which is outside its magnitude , its features are often influenced by the traits , or performance of a government / administration . Meanwhile other forms may also be influenced by the catalytic environment . For example , the city of Isfahan formed from a number of villages and urban centers of small periodic . Sometime, cities formed due to the development of the place as well as factors outside influences . It was also agreed that while other cities , formed as a formal creations owned by corporate groups ( Michrob , 1987:20 ) .

In general, the characteristics and development of Islamic cities exhibit characteristics and developments of : parts of the city , community , religious , prosperity , position / situation and tastes of the occupants concerned .

Early Islamic cities , with some exceptions , generally do not have a wall of defense , but the XM century , the Islamic city has become increasingly systematic and is something new in the old towns . The gate is a symbol of nobility and the gates were often decorated by sculptures or statues .

In the year 754 AD Baghdad was built as a city laid out on a round , which probably refers to the cities of the reign of the Assyrian fortress . Royal palaces and mosques located in the middle of an open field , where there are also houses of princes and kitchens . The system is equipped with a protective wall around the circumference and roads that connect every home . There are also patrol the streets rooms equipped with guards at the main entrance . Almost all parts or systems in this settlement problems associated with defense / protection because many wars going on . Chronologically , Islam is growing rapidly and is harizontal Islam developed to the west , north , south and east of Mecca and Medina . Later historical period , Islam spread its wings to the east .

Oleg Grabar emphasizes integrative relationships between the characters fiaik city in ways of life , the activities and institutions as reflected in the sub- urban elitist . Administrative office area separated / detached from the areas of formal functional aspect , as shown in the proof of Baghdad , where the offices are located along the walls of the city . In Baghdad , the official imperial palace which is the palace is personal ( private ) , which is often referred to qosr , the palace in the city , or are also often referred to as the Prince 's Palace , the Pleiades or Eternity . Often also the palaces surrounded by gardens / parks , so the palace was also featured as a function over the pavilion convenient / enjoyable , as it was then seen in the palace Safavid , Ottoman , Ishfahan or Istanbul .

 Basically there are two centers of attention for anyone who examines early Islamic cities :

( 1 ) conducted a large mosque where Friday prayers , and

( 2 ) a market where there are shops hierarchical keletakan showed a trend towards the mosque and the farthest distance from the mosque there is a section for the position of the caravans in which reside the visitors / traders .

Housing in Islamic cities vary on the basis of the influence of the types of homes in the pre - Islamic , regional economic form , differences in climate , materials and manufacturing techniques home .

Towards abed XM , appears once that the elements of the palace , defensive walls , gates , mosques , and field channels , become important elements that exhibit the characteristics of Islamic cities . Field which in Arabic is called as maydans , a field that is used for military parades as well as in its function as a meeting place for the council of war / defense / security . Development of this field is definitely one part of activities / work of the kingdom . Field created by Ibn Tulun near Fustat , located in the city , which was built with meticulous , detailed and comes with a beautiful gates , as well as frequently used as a venue for certain ceremonies .

So far the information and resources about early Islamic cities in Asia , including East Asia , more exhibit as a trade city , within which there is a broad families ( extended families ) and professional associations , which as well as a vehicle for communal activities . The changes that occur from Hinduistis tradition , to Islamistis , is fluid and flexible , which however has succeeded in developing settlements larger , where hundreds of thousands or even millions of lives .

Meanwhile , a number of Islamic cities in Southeast Asia , which is characterized by widespread Muslim community , as one result of the widespread trade . It lasted from the thirteenth century to the eighteenth century AD , where Muslim traders gain a favorable position , from before the fifteenth century AD has been able to master the entire international trade traffic .

While on the other hand , the development of Islam in the eastern Indonesian archipelago , has made it possible for the role of Islamic.

Islamic cities in Southeast Asia is a food importer , especially rice . A number of cities inhabited between 50,000 to 100,000 people , has become a city of early Islam in Southeast Asia , which makes the population size of the cities is greater than the population of towns in pre- industrial Europe .

As well as the cities during everywhere, then the Southeast Asian cities are also formed of residential units , which can be identified as ethnic residential units . The maps can be analyzed and show the impression of a large number of parts that make up the city residential groups of merchants , nobles ( nobles merchants ) , each of which has a circumference wall . Markets on , generally built in the southern part of the city . Centers other skelter , is government , palaces , markets and the city itself .

Power / strength of religion in Southeast Asia reflected and described in , both physically and rituals . Therefore , the model cities in Southeast Asia , particularly in coastal cities characterization can be distinguished by the functions of the city hall , on the basis of quality and technical , into ( 1 ) port units , markets and trade , and ( 2 ) temples or mosques , palaces dan.lapangan where ongoing activities of government , military and religious . The river is one of the elements skelter , both for the purposes of providing water , transportation and military / defense .

So from the above descriptions , it appears that the city is one of the equivalent sub - system settlement , which takes place in a large number of activities , such as administration , commerce , government , religion and so on . City as a sub - system of settlement is a further development of the agricultural villages or fishing villages . City or region as well merupakanh unit space for people to meet their needs . City formation is influenced by a number of variables , such as population size , religious background , subsistence patterns , social institutions , state of mind of the world / universe ( cosmology ) , ' physiographic , climate and so on .

   The main characteristic of Islamic cities is the presence of architectural elements mosques , palaces , markets , defense wall , field , audience building , port and etc . Ethnicity of the population in cities of Islam are also increasingly diverse , due to increased activity of regional trade would also internationally .